The beginner’s guide

Know what you’re buying

Ask for the paper trail

Request the ownership history, prior invoices, exhibition references and any catalogue entries. Check names, dates and photographs against the work itself. Gaps should prompt questions, not assumptions.

Look beyond the signature

A certificate alone is not a guarantee. Consult an independent specialist where the price or uncertainty warrants it. Understand who issued any certificate and the evidence behind it.

Get the agreement in writing

Record the artist, title, medium, size, condition, price and the seller’s authenticity representations. Ask about the return policy and keep all documents after purchase.